Chicago 16th edition referencing style

There is now a new edition of the Chicago referencing style:

• Chicago 17th edition referencing style guide
• Chapter 14 of the full 17th edition of Chicago

The Chicago Manual of Style allows for two different types of reference styles.  There is the Notes and Bibliography Style (the subject of this guide), and the Author-Date System (a variation of the Harvard style).

While the Notes & Bibliography Style allows for either footnotes or endnotes, this guide will deal with footnotes only in a format suitable for undergraduate essays.
Bibliographic citations are provided in footnotes, supplemented by a bibliography at the end of the document.
Your footnotes and bibliography should identify references cited (eg. book, journal article, web site, video) in sufficient detail so that others may locate and consult your references.
Punctuation marks and spaces within the citation are very important. Follow the punctuation and spacing exactly as given in the examples.
For situations not listed here, see chapter 14 of the 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.