Indigenous voices of Queensland

Brisbane River pattern from A Guidance Through Time by Quandamooka artists Casey Coolwell and Kyra Mancktelow.
Brisbane River pattern from A Guidance Through Time by Quandamooka artists Casey Coolwell and Kyra Mancktelow.

Indigenous Voices of Queensland is an online resource created to improve public access to audio recordings, held in the Fryer Library, of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people speaking Indigenous languages of Queensland. The project aims to make the recordings as openly available as possible so they can be used to assist communities with language recovery and education, and deepen knowledge of First Nations languages.


The recordings were made by three academics: Elwyn Flint, Bruce Rigsby and Bruce Sommer. The original audiocassettes and reel-to-reel tapes have been preserved through digitisation.

Mapping Indigenous languages

Discover Flint, Rigsby and Sommer collections.

This map summary and table of languages are based on recordings from three academics: Elwyn Flint, Bruce Rigsby and Bruce Sommer. Some of the recordings are openly available in UQ eSpace. Other collections require family and community consultation and agreement before they are made accessible online. Email the Fryer Library, fryer@library.uq.edu.au, to request access to these collections.

The languages are consistent with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) language codes. The alternative names are terms found in Fryer Library collections. 

More Indigenous languages & culture collections

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are warned that language resources linked from this page may contain names and voices of Aboriginal and Islander people now deceased. Material and information accessed on this site may be culturally sensitive for some individuals and communities.

Map of language locations

Click the map markers to examine recorded languages held by the Fryer Library. The markers indicate the approximate location of the original language.

This map is not designed or suitable for Native Title research.​

* See the AIATSIS AUSTLANG database for the full list of alternative language names.

Table of languages

Browse or search this table based on AIATSIS AUSTLANG language names or the alternative names used in Fryer Library.

Language AIATSIS Code Collections Alternative spellings used by the researchers* Material available in UQ eSpace To listen to these recordings please contact
Aghu Tharnggala Y65 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Atampaya Y183 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby   www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y183 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Ayapathu Y60 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Ayabadhu | Ajabadu Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Bidjara / Bidyara E37 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint   Gundu-Munding www.rebrand.ly/UQL-E37 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Djabugay / Tjapukai Y106 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Djabunganjdji www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y106 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Flinders Island Y67 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Biyalgeyi Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Garrwa N155 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Garrawa | Garawa | Karawa www.rebrand.ly/UQL-N155 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Gugu Rarmul Y71 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Alwangar | Alwangara | Kuku Rarmul Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Gugu Yawa Y74 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Anggul Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Gunggari  D37 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Kuungkari www.rebrand.ly/UQL-D37 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kaanju / Kaantju  Y44 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby 
Kantju | Gandju | Kaantyu Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kala Lagaw Ya  Y1 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Mabuiag | Kalaw Lagaw Ya www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y1 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Koko Bera  Y85 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Kok Kaber | Gog Gaber | Koko Bera | Koko Beberam Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Koko Dhawa  Y93 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Dhawa Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kukatj  G28 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
  www.rebrand.ly/UQL-G28 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kuku Buyunji  Y87 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint    www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y87 via UQ eSpace
Kuku Nyungkul Y90 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Gugu Nyungkul | Kuku Njunggal | Nyungkul | Njunggal www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y90 via UQ eSpace
Kuku Thaypan  Y84 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby  Kuuku Taipan www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y84 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kuku Yalanji  Y78 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint 

Gugu Yalandji | Gugu Bujun | Koko Bujundji

| Kuku Buyundyi | Gugu Buyunji

www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y78 via UQ eSpace
Kuku-Warra Y80 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Koko Warra | Gugu Warra www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y80 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kunjen  Y83 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kurtjar  G33 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Kunggara | Kunggar | Gunggara www.rebrand.ly/UQL-G33 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kuuk Thaayorre  Y69 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Kuuku Ya'u Y22 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby    www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y22 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Mbarrumbathama  Y136 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Lama lama | Lamalama | Bakanambia | Rrumbathama www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y136 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Meriam Mir  Y3 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby  Meriam Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Morrobolam  Y55 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Umbindhamu | Umbuygamu  www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y55 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Ngkoth  Y36 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Pakanh  Y64 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Bakanha Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Rimanggudinhma  Y195 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby   www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y195 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Thaynakwith  Y24 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Umpila  Y45 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Umpithamu  Y50 UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby  Umbindhamu | Ombithamu www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y50 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Uw Olkola  Y73 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
Olkol | Olgolo | Olgol | Ulkulu | Olkola www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y73 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Uw Oykangand Y101 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer  Oykangand Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Waanyi  G23 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Wanyi www.rebrand.ly/UQL-G23 via UQ eSpace
Wakka Wakka  E28 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Waka Waka | Waga Waga www.rebrand.ly/UQL-E28 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Wik Mungkan  Y57 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint
UQFL302 Bruce Rigsby
UQFL476 Bruce Sommer 
  www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y57 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Yanyuwa  N153 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Yanyuwa | Yanuwa | Yanyula www.rebrand.ly/UQL-Y72 fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Yir Yoront  Y72 UQFL476 Bruce Sommer    Not available online fryer@library.uq.edu.au
Yukulta / Gangalidda G34 UQFL173 Elwyn Flint  Gangalidda www.rebrand.ly/UQL-G34 fryer@library.uq.edu.au

* See the AIATSIS AUSTLANG database for the full list of alternative language names.

Help us make these recordings accessible online

Are you from an Indigenous Knowledge Centre, a descendant of a recorded language speaker, or involved in community leadership? Would you like to help make these recordings accessible online? If so, email fryer@library.uq.edu.au to get the process started.

About the collections

The recordings in Indigenous Voices collections are of people speaking the language, singing songs and telling stories. Many of these recordings, especially those from the Elwyn Flint Collection, are short segments featuring particular words or phrases. Others are much longer, with people speaking on a topic or in dialogue with the interviewer. Recordings sometimes feature multiple speakers.

Elwyn Flint Collection

In the 1960s Flint commenced a long-term research project known as the Queensland Speech Survey. He recorded people living on reserves and missions, mostly in the North of Queensland. Flint was a lecturer in English at The University of Queensland.

Bruce Rigsby Collection

The language recordings in this collection were made during fieldtrips to Bamaga, Coen and Port Stewart in the Eastern Cape York Peninsula in the 1970s. Rigsby was a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Queensland’s School of Social Science.

Bruce Sommer Collection

Bruce Sommer’s language research was primarily centred on Cape York, notably Kunjen and Oykangand languages. He obtained a doctorate from the University of Hawaii in 1970 for his research on Kunjen language.

Strengthening and reviving Indigenous languages

The languages featured in Indigenous Voices of Queensland are only a fraction of the total number of languages spoken in Queensland prior to the 1820s. European colonisation has had a devastating effect on First People’s culture. 

According to Community, identity, wellbeing: the report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey (2014), only about 120 of the estimated original 250 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language groups are still spoken. Only 13 of these language groups have a sufficient number of young people speaking them to sustain the language into the future.

Many communities and individuals are working tirelessly to revive lost or endangered languages in Australia. Indigenous Voices of Queensland aims to make Fryer Library’s collections of heritage language recordings available for easy access by community members and the general public.